Russia: critical minerals as weapons

Today, Russia holds dominant global positions in natural resources and commodities including hydrocarbons, foods, critical metals, and fertilizers. This paper examines how Russia’s exports, especially in agriculture (grains and fertilizers), critical minerals (uranium, titanium, nickel, aluminium), and coal, are fuelling the Kremlin’s war machine in Ukraine, while also challenging and undermining the global financial-economic architecture and established principles of international […]